Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming and dancing can act as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A large analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that physical activity significantly reduced symptoms, especially in young adults and new mothers.
Scientists reviewed 63 studies involving nearly 80,000 people. They found aerobic activities that raise the heart rate had the strongest effect on depression. Resistance training and yoga also helped, though to a lesser degree. Group and supervised exercise delivered additional benefits, suggesting social interaction plays a key role.
Neil Munro of James Cook University said exercise can sometimes match or exceed traditional treatments for mild cases. However, experts stressed it should complement, not replace, therapy or medication for moderate or severe depression. Brendon Stubbs of King’s College London warned that people with severe symptoms may struggle to begin exercise without clinical support.
The World Health Organization estimates hundreds of millions worldwide live with depression or anxiety. Researchers say structured group exercise could offer a low-cost, accessible addition to mental health care, particularly for those with mild symptoms.
