A new study has revealed that about 90% of marine aquarium fish sold in the US are taken directly from the wild.
Researchers found the trade’s supply chain remains largely hidden from consumers, with most fish caught in the Pacific and Indian oceans.
Globally, around 55 million marine animals are sold each year in a US$2.15bn industry, with the US making up two-thirds of demand.
Dr Bing Lin from the University of Sydney said the trade is “opaque from reef to retail,” leaving buyers unaware of origins.
The study identified 45 species listed as threatened, including Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish, still appearing in online markets.
“Many threatened species slip through global trade rules and still end up on sale,” Lin warned.
Experts say better oversight, eco-certification, and consumer awareness are needed to protect marine biodiversity.
“Knowing how fish are caught or bred is vital,” said Dr Marian Wong. “Without transparency, wild populations face real danger.”
